En 643, le roi lombard Rothari affronta l’arm\u00e9e byzantine de l’exarque Isaac sur les rives du Panaro, que les sources appellent Scultenna. La victoire lombarde fut nette \u2014 Paul Diacre parle de huit mille morts byzantins \u2014 et acheva la conqu\u00eate de la Ligurie, r\u00e9duisant les possessions imp\u00e9riales en Italie \u00e0 des enclaves c\u00f4ti\u00e8res reli\u00e9es seulement par la mer.<\/p>\n
Rothari est le souverain qui, la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, promulgua l’\u00c9dit portant son nom : le premier recueil \u00e9crit des lois lombardes, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en latin. Les deux faits sont li\u00e9s. Un royaume qui met ses r\u00e8gles par \u00e9crit et m\u00e8ne des campagnes coordonn\u00e9es contre l’exarchat a cess\u00e9 d’\u00eatre une conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration de ducs et devient un \u00c9tat.<\/p>\n
L’arm\u00e9e lombarde r\u00e9unissait des hommes libres astreints au service arm\u00e9, les arimanni, autour d’un noyau de cavalerie li\u00e9 au roi et aux ducs. L’\u00e9quipement m\u00ealait tradition germanique et influences byzantines et romaines : haubert de mailles pour qui pouvait se le permettre, casque lamellaire ou \u00e0 bandes, bouclier rond, \u00e9p\u00e9e longue, scramasax et lance. La richesse du mobilier fun\u00e9raire lombard retrouv\u00e9 en Italie a permis d’en reconstituer le d\u00e9tail avec une pr\u00e9cision rare pour l’\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n
Giuseppe Rava repr\u00e9sente l’affrontement de deux mondes qui coexist\u00e8rent dans la p\u00e9ninsule pendant deux si\u00e8cles. La fronti\u00e8re entre territoires lombard et byzantin n’\u00e9tait pas une ligne mais un entrelacs de corridors et de places fortes ; la g\u00e9ographie r\u00e9gionale italienne en porte encore la trace.<\/p>\n
La conqu\u00eate franque de 774 mit fin au royaume mais non \u00e0 l’h\u00e9ritage lombard : son droit, son organisation ducale et une part importante de la toponymie de l’Italie du Nord et du Sud surv\u00e9curent longtemps \u00e0 Charlemagne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gravure militaire originale de Giuseppe Rava : les Lombards de Rothari contre les Byzantins \u00e0 la bataille du Scultenna, 643. \u00c9dition limit\u00e9e, sign\u00e9e \u00e0 la main, format SRA3. Exp\u00e9dition dans le monde entier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[431],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9439","product","type-product","status-publish","product_cat-moyen-age","pa_format-cm-45-32-estampe-fine-art-sra3-fr","pa_format-tavola-originale-tempera-su-cartoncino-gr-300-cm-30x40","desktop-align-left","tablet-align-left","mobile-align-left","first","instock","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-variable"],"yoast_head":"\n