Manteaux noirs et croix blanches sur le chemin de ronde, Mongols en armure lamellaire montant dans la neige, et derri\u00e8re les d\u00e9fenseurs un mur de troncs \u00e9quarris surmont\u00e9 d’une galerie de bois. Au cours de l’hiver 1241-42 la Hongrie avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 perdu son arm\u00e9e de campagne \u00e0 Mohi ; il lui restait des endroits comme celui-ci.<\/p>\n
Les Hospitaliers tenaient une infirmerie pour p\u00e8lerins \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem avant d’\u00eatre des combattants. Le r\u00f4le militaire s’ajoute au r\u00f4le charitable au XIIe si\u00e8cle sans jamais le remplacer : l’ordre qui garnit des ch\u00e2teaux continue d’entretenir des h\u00f4pitaux, et son chef reste le ma\u00eetre de l’H\u00f4pital. C’est cette double nature qui explique qu’on leur confie des terres de fronti\u00e8re \u2014 une institution permanente, avec des revenus, et non une troupe qui rentre chez elle \u00e0 la fin de la saison.<\/p>\n
Terre, bois et un foss\u00e9 : en 1241 la fortification hongroise est presque toujours celle-l\u00e0. Face \u00e0 une arm\u00e9e qui avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris des villes mur\u00e9es en Chine, cela ne suffisait pas. Les Mongols se d\u00e9pla\u00e7aient avec des ing\u00e9nieurs et des \u00e9quipes de si\u00e8ge captur\u00e9es. Ce qui leur manquait, dans une campagne fond\u00e9e sur le mouvement, c’\u00e9tait le temps de s’arr\u00eater devant chaque place forte.<\/p>\n
Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r se dressait au milieu des marais. Au d\u00e9gel, au d\u00e9but de 1242, le terrain devint impraticable : impossible d’amener les machines sous les murs, et les assi\u00e9geants pass\u00e8rent leur chemin. La citadelle d’Esztergom tint sur son rocher pendant que la ville br\u00fblait en contrebas ; Trogir et Klis, en Dalmatie, tinrent pour la m\u00eame raison. Ce qui reposait sur la pierre ou derri\u00e8re l’eau survivait, ce qui se trouvait en plaine ouverte, non.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Des chevaliers hospitaliers d\u00e9fendent une palissade de bois contre les Mongols pendant l’hiver 1242, en Hongrie : ce qui a sauv\u00e9 les villes n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 le courage, mais l’eau et la pierre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[431],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-9701","product","type-product","status-publish","product_cat-moyen-age","pa_format-300-estampes-sra3","desktop-align-left","tablet-align-left","mobile-align-left","first","instock","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-variable"],"yoast_head":"\n